Class As A Social Group - 1642 Words

In present day society, class alludes to a social group, characterized by its economic position in a progressive system of imbalance and with material interests that separate it from different classes (Wright, 2005, p.2). Sociologists attempting to study the concept of class often draw upon a variety of research methods in order to ensure that the most accurate results and conclusions are reached, two of which are analyzed below with the aim of understanding just how effective they may be – the subjective method, and the objective method. However, in order to develop an even deeper understanding of the concept of class, it is important to understand the various theoretical perspectives that sociologists often draw upon when studying this concept, including the perspectives’ strengths and weaknesses. Such perspectives include that of Karl Marx and his view of exploitation between classes, and Max Weber and his idea of class merely being a dimension of an even more powerf ul system of stratification – the other two dimensions being status and party (Krieken, Habibis, Smith, Hutchins, Maton, 2014, p.211, and Wright, 2002, p.838). To begin, the subjective approach, which is a qualitative method of research, is a highly popular method often used by sociologists when studying the concept of class. This method is the preferred method used by Mallman in his article regarding social mobility between classes, titled ‘Not entirely at home: Upward social mobility and early family life’Show MoreRelatedSocial Class And Status Groups1318 Words   |  6 PagesSocial class is a concept that has been interpreted countless times throughout history. The existence of social class and status groups has even been questioned and whether it is a positive or negative thing. This ethnography explores groups of class and how distinctions between individuals on a macro level can affect their micro level interactions in everyday life. The differences between individuals macro distribution would not have any effect if they were not illustrated in everyday micro levelRead MoreConcept Applications Paper : Social Structure, G roups, And Class956 Words   |  4 PagesApplications Paper: Social Structure, Groups, and Class in my High School English Class After reviewing my options of groups to observe on this paper, I decided on my English Class in high school. I chose this because the teacher treats it like a college class, providing plenty of discussion and interaction to observe. The class has a very diverse body of about twenty students, which also presented many examples of aspects abroad sociology. Social structure, group, and class are sociological aspectsRead MoreSocial Class and Family Groups in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pageshas effectively shown social class and family groups to be important at that time? The rigid class structure and social stratification of Maycomb County had a profound effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The impact of this class structure was especially evident in the trial of Tom Robins on, a Maycomb Negro. The extreme prejudice of the town eventually led to the unjust conviction of Robinson for a crime he did not commit. Family groups were also seen toRead MoreIntroduction Of Psychographic Segmentation And The Market Into Groups Based On Social Class, Lifestyle, And Personality1522 Words   |  7 Pagesdivides the market into groups based on social class, lifestyle, and personality characteristics. Psychographic segmentation is based on the theory that the types of products and brands an individual purchases will reflect a person’s characteristics and their patterns of living. Social class is one of the three key variable for these type of company research purposes, which divides the population into groups based on their individual or household income. Marketers segment social class for the promotionRead MoreSociety has developed the concept of social class to categorize people into different groups based900 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has developed the concept of social class to categorize people into different groups based on economic, political, and educational status. The three primary social classes in the United States include; the upper class, middle class, and lower class. There are several subgroups within these extensive sections. This system of social ranking contributes to the difficulties that the middle and lower classes have to experience in order to succeed in the United States; always trying to obtain theRead MoreSocial Class And The Future Career1686 Words   |  7 Pageswas examined whether there is a relationship between the social c lass and the future career, political, religious views, gender roles attitudes to identity development. Does it play a significant role in depending in people with the difference social class upbringing? The second research question was examined under what circumstances is the social class of identity exploration and does the exploration differ by people of difference social class upbringing? The third research question was examined whetherRead MoreEssay about Sociological Theory1497 Words   |  6 Pagestogether within a social structure. Examples of these institutions are the family, work, education and religion. The Functionalist perspective is best understood using an organismic analogy: Societies are comparable to living organisms (for example, a human being). Each part of the human body is linked, in some way, to all other parts. Individual organs combine to create something that is greater than the sum total of their individual parts. In social terms, these organsRead MoreSocial Stratification Can Be Defined As A System In Which1024 Words   |  5 PagesSocial stratification can be defined as a system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Social stratification can affect the way people interpret life. There’s four major systems that makes up social stratification slavery, caste, estate, and class. Slavery refers to the aspect that people can own other people. This has been around since ancient times of history, and still do this day occurring. Slavery is based upon three factorsRead MoreInstructional Objective ( Lesson Objective ) Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesInstructional Objective (Lesson Objective) After analyzing and annotating documents based on social class in Ancient Egypt, students in groups, will determine the central ideas or information of a secondary source by creating a fact sheet. The students will then make an exit slip of a quote (the students can create a hashtag to tweet with) based upon on their assigned social class, the students must have no less than three historical facts. CCLS/ +NYS Standards and Indicators CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RHRead MoreThe Conflict And Functionalist Theories Behind Social Class1496 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterializes the upper class, vulgarizes our middle class, brutalizes our lower class. In Australia, social class is a widely recognised concept, however some individuals, particularly the wealthy people, will argue that social class in non existent, that with hard work anyone can achieve, what they set their mind onto. The social stratification system, is based on objective criteria, including wealth, power, and prestige. The Australian notion of equal opportunity, insinuates that social class does not affect

Ancient history course notes Free Essays

Focuses on written sources, written sources restricted to the last 5500 years, written sources are limited to literate societies, written sources from ancient societies were mostly written by men, reflecting a male bias. Archaeology: Focuses on physical sources, physical sources extend as far back as the beginning of human history Into prehistory, physical artifacts provide information about all human activity, and archaeologists usually study the lives of all members of society. Find a site finds Excavate Record what is found Examine and investigate Publish Findings Analysis and Interpretation of finds Finding a site: Human activities have led to many chance finds. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient history course notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some activities Include: plugging, land reclamation, digging and building foundations, quarrying and dredging, construction of roads, railways. Sewers etc and modern warfare. Crop Marks, Shadow marks, and satellite photography.. Excavation: People who may be involved in a dig: Anthropologist- Someone who studies the origins of the human species and their change over time. Epigrapher-studies Inscriptions, deciphers tablets. Paleontologist-studies fossils of living organisms. Architect-Designs and oversees the making of buildings. Forensic Pathologist-a branch of pathology that deals with determining the cause of death. Proctologist-studies the translation of texts written on papyrus. Botanist- Studies all aspects of plant life Geochemistry-study of the earth’s chemical compositions. Radiologist-A doctor who specialists In the use of x-rays. Ceramicist-A craftsman who shapes pottery and makes it in a kiln Numismatist- Someone who studies, grades and collects coins. Zoologist-studies all features of the animal kingdom Anatomist-studies features and organs of human and animal bodies. Climatologist- Studies climate Volcanisms-studies all features of castles and volcanoes. How to cite Ancient history course notes, Papers

Gender Diversity Corporate Boards Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Gender Diversity Corporate Boards Management? Answer: Introduction During 2016, Credit Suisse AG, a leading financial services provider released a report entitled, The CS Gender 3000: The Reward for Change, on a worldwide basis. The main focus of this report was to analyse the Credit Suisse Gender 3000, that covers more than, 27000 senior managers in more than 3,000 companies globally. This report analyses the collected database to determine whether the gender diversity at the top level can be connected to better performance and studies those organizations that have more than 50% female representation in venture capital companies, Micro-finance institutions and senior management (Catalyst, 2017). As per this report, the company confirmed its findings that the companies that employ a large number of women who function in the decision-making roles continue to generate a superior profits rate and market returns. As part of this report, the organization also documented the percentage of women or gender diversity on the corporate board throughout the world including Australia and some of the figures related to this issue are as follows. As per this report, the women continue to remain under-represented, although boardroom diversity continues to increase at a fast rate, for example, in 2015, women held 14.7% of the total corporate board seats. Although this figure increased to 54% ever since 2010 and 12.4% since the previous year, only 20.1% of the companies that were researched in the study had three women on the board (Lee et al., 2015). Further, the women held only 4% of the board chair positions regardless of business sector. Not only that as per MSCI study, more than 73.5% of companies included in the study had at least one woman director (Lee et al., 2015). As per Credit Suisse, to reap the benefits of the diversity the board must have at least 3 or more than 3 women as it changes the boardroom dynamics in a substantial manner yet only 20.1% of boards have appointed more than 3 women. When these figures are compared with Australian figures, the research findings indicate that up to 2016, the women hold 23.4% of board seats and almost a quarter of ASX Board seats that is up from 8.3% in 2009 aicd.companydirectors.com.au, 2015). However, 10% of the ASX company boards do not have any woman. But, as per latest figures, during first six months of 2016, women comprised 40% of latest appointments in the company boards. This figure is on the rise when compared with the figure in 2015, that is, 34% and 22% in 2013. One of the best examples this is GWA Group limited where there are 8 Directors in the Company Board and there is only one woman director. Performance of Gender Diversity Corporate Boards One topic that remains the part of the debate in this area is whether the company boards that have a higher female representation perform well when compared with other company that does not have much gender diversity and corporate board level. In 2014, Post and Byron published a research article where they conducted a meta-analysis of more than 140 research studies related to board gender diversity that synthesized sample of more than 90,000 companies from more than 30 countries. In 2015, the other remarkable study on this topic was published by a team of researchers that comprised of Pletzer, Nikolova, Kedzior, and Voelpel. The main focus of this study was to complete a meta-analysis of 20 studies and tested the relationship between the financial performance of the company such as (ROE) or return on equity, (ROA) or return on assets, and diversity on company board. As per these results, the researchers need to consider other factors rather than considering only the representation of women on board and the financial performance of the firm. According to Post Byron (2014), the firms that have more women director report a slightly higher accounting returns, that includes return on assets among the others when compared with the organizations that have few women directors. This statement is also confirmed by other research studies such as Pletzer, Nikolova, Kedzior, and Voelpel, (2015) and Eagly, (2016). However, as per report published by Credit Suisse, the figures confirm the benefits of gender-balanced boards for example; the firm with most women directors had a higher ROS such as 16% when compared with the companies that do not have women directors (Strm, DEspallier, Mersland, 2014). Not only that these companies also reported the higher level of ROIC or return on invested capital that reaches up to 26%. According to statistics published by MSCI, the companies that have strong women leadership is correlated with higher ROE when compared with the companies that do not have strong woman leadership, that is, 10.1% vs. 7.4% (Lee et al., 2015). Further, this difference can also be noticed in superior price-to-book ratio, that is, 1.76 vs. 1.56. In addition, the report also concluded that the companies that have fewer women on company boards face more governance-related issues when compared with the companies with strong female leadership (Lee et al., 2015). This is also confirmed by the study finding of the research study published by Pathan, Faff during 2013. operations, Find Room for her, Rebecca Shambaugh, the author offers different causes of this improvement in performance such as the leadership performance and style of women who are in leadership positions. She also strongly supports the inclusion of more women on corporate boards. To validate her point, she offers some statistics such as women anywhere represent 80% on the consumer decision and they also possess important leadership perceptions and styles such as democratic and transformational that enhances profitability of the company. A research study published during 2009 by a team of researchers, Terjesen, Sealy, Singh supports and confirms her research finding on this topic. She also states that this is due to the fact that women possess natural skill sets related to listening to other people, sharing constructive criticism, avoiding autocratic leadership style and keeping an open mind related to any matter. Located in Queensland GWA Group Limited remain the leading Australia n supplier of building fixtures as well as fittings to commercial and household premises. This company has 8 Directors on its corporate board but only one woman director. Conclusion It is clear from above research that gender-balanced corporate board remains the best choice for a company that would like to achieve success and maintain it in an increasingly competitive market. However, when the normal figures in AXN companies, that is, 23.4% are compared with the figures related to GWA Group Limited, the percentage is just 12%. It is a fact that as per many studies, there is a close correlation between the financial performance of a firm and the number of women on corporate board. Not only that there is a strong relationship between the leadership styles favored by women and the profitability of the company. Recommendations It is a fact that presently, the company is showing an average performance that continues to fluctuate between small ranges for last five years. To better its financial performance, the researcher offers following recommendations The company needs to increase the number of woman directors from 1 to 3 or more than three. This is due to the fact that 3 or more than 3 women change the company dynamics. The firm needs to ensure that the appointed women directors are not appointed to comply with rules and regulations, but would take an active interest in the company matters. The company also needs to incorporate the suggestions given by these directors into their company strategy. References aicd.companydirectors.com.au (2015). Women on ASX 200 Boards on the Rise. Available at https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/advocacy/board-diversity/women-on-asx-200-boards-on-the-rise Catalyst. (2017).Women on Corporate Boards Globally. [online] Available at: https://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-corporate-boards-globally#footnote3_clwctpn [Accessed 8 Sep. 2017]. Eagly, A. H. (2016). When Passionate Advocates Meet Research on Diversity, Does the Honest Broker Stand a Chance?Journal of business Issues,72(1), 199-222. doi:10.1111/josi.12163 Lee, L., Marshall, R., Rallis, D. and Moscardi, M. (2015).WOMEN ON BOARDS GLOBAL TRENDS IN GENDER DIVERSITY ON CORPORATE BOARDS - Cite This For Me. [online] Msci.com. Available at: https://www.msci.com/documents/10199/04b6f646-d638-4878-9c61-4eb91748a82b [Accessed 8 Sep. 2017]. Pathan, S., Faff, R. (2013). Does board structure in banks really affect their performance?Journal of Banking Finance,37(5), 1573-1589. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.12.016 Pletzer, J. L., Nikolova, R., Kedzior, K. K., Voelpel, S. C. (2015). Does Gender Matter? Female Representation on Corporate Boards and Firm Financial Performance - A Meta-Analysis.Plos One,10(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130005 Post, C., Byron, K. (2014). Women on Boards and Firm Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis.Academy of Management Journal,58(5), 1546-1571. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.0319 Shambaugh, R. (2013, pp. 65).Make room for her. New York: McGraw-Hill Press. Strm, R., DEspallier, B., Mersland, R. (2014). Female leadership, performance, and governance in microfinance institutions.Journal of Banking Finance,42, 60-75. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.01.014 Terjesen, S., Sealy, R., Singh, V. (2009). Women Directors on Corporate Boards: A Review and Research Agenda. Corporate accounting Governance: An International Review,17(3), 320-337. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00742.x